THE GREAT ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMIS of 1964

by
Thomas J. Sokolowski
West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, Palmer Alaska

WEST COAST & ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER

More than 90% of the deaths in Alaska during the 1964 earthquake and subsequent tsunamis were due to the tsunamis. The potential death and devastation from tsunamis make the coastal areas of Alaska extremely dangerous and necessitate continuous 24 hour earthquake monitoring for each day of the year by a full time staff at the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center located in Palmer. The 1964 earthquake and tsunami deaths alerted State and Federal officials to the need for a facility to respond to the need for timely and effective tsunami warnings and earthquake information for Alaska and the northern Pacific. In 1967 and as a result of the earthquake and tsunamis, the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning System (WC&ATWC) was established in Palmer to mitigate the tsunami hazard (Sokolowski, 1990). The primary mission of the WC&ATWC is to provide tsunami warnings for Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia in Canada. A secondary mission of the Center is to provide immediate earthquake information to the general public, media, National and International agencies, and to many other recipients including both State and Federal disaster preparedness agencies. The Center is highly automated with state-of-the-art computers and techniques which make the information immediately available.

ALASKAN EARTHQUAKES and TSUNAMIGENESIS

Although Alaska's seismic and tsunamigenic history is only about 200 years or so, it is extremely seismic with the Pacific plate subducting under the North American plate. This subduction zone is referred to as the Aleutian-Alaska megathrust zone and makes the coastal areas very dangerous with regard to tsunami generation - tsunamigenesis. The vertical crustal movements in this area result in vertical sea floor displacements, thus highly tsunamigenic. Three past tsunamis that were generated in Alaska have resulted in Pacific wide death and destruction. Tsunamigenic events occurring about the Alaskan Peninsula, Aleutians, and Gulf of Alaska have a very high potential for generating local and Pacific wide tsunamis. In the southeast, the major fault is the Fairweather fault which does have a history of vertical displacements (>12 meters), but is inland. This fault has not caused large tectonic tsunamis as the other Alaskan areas. However, events occurring in this region have induced large subareal and submarine landslides, which in turn, have generated massive local tsunamis. Subareal and submarine landslides, with induced massive local tsunamis, can and have occurred in this area without an earthquake!

THE 1964 EARTHQUAKE

The great Alaskan earthquake of 1964 was the largest earthquake in North America and the second largest ever recorded (largest occurred in Chile in 1960). The nine deaths that were due to the earthquake occurred in downtown Anchorage (5), Turnagain Heights (3), and at the International Airport (1). The earthquake occurred at 5:36pm on March 27, 1964, Alaska Standard Time (or, at 03:36 Universal Time code on March 28, 1964). The epicenter was in the Northern Prince William Sound (61.1N 147.5W) about 75 miles E of Anchorage, or about 55 miles west of Valdez. The reported Richter magnitudes (Ms) for this earthquake ranged from 8.4 to 8.6. The moment magnitude (Mw) is reported as 9.2. The depth, or point where the rupture began was about 14 miles within the earth's crust.

The strong ground motion reported in the Anchorage area lasted about 4-5 minutes which triggered many avalanches and landslides - some being tsunamigenic. Ground deformations were extensive with some areas east of Kodiak being raised by 30 feet and areas about Portage being dropped by 8 feet (Pflaker, 1964). The rise is estimated to come in two thrusts of about 5 meters each. The maximum intensity reported was XI on the modified Mercalli Intensity scale, indicating major structural damage, and ground fissures and failures. This scale is a 12-point one usually given in roman numerals ranging from I, (not felt/no damage) to XII (total destruction many lives lost). From this event, significant damage covered an area of about 50,000 square miles. Intensities of IV-V (felt by most people/minor damage) were reported as far away as Cold Bay, Bethel, McGrath, Kotzebue, Deadhorse, Ft. Yukon, Eagle and Skagway.

THE 1964 TSUNAMIS

The 1964 earthquake caused 115 deaths in Alaska alone, with 106 of these due to tsunamis which were generated by tectonic uplift of the sea floor, and by localized subareal and submarine landslides. The earthquake shaking caused at least 5 local slide generated tsunamis within minutes after the shaking began. (In general, slide/slump induced tsunamis are generated within a few minutes after an earthquake starts.) These five occurred at Valdez(2), Seward, Whittier, and Kachemak Bay. As an example and in brief summary: In Seward, a section of the water front (1070m) slid into the Resurrection Bay due to the earthquake shaking. This created a local tsunami causing much damage and the spreading of oil which was on fire and floating on the water. About 20 minutes after this occurred, the first wave of the main tsunami arrived. The 11-13 fatalities in Seward were due to the local and the main tsunami.

Tsunamis generated by the 1964 earthquake (and their subsequent damage, loss of life, etc.) were recorded throughout the Pacific (Lander and Lockridge, 1989). This was the most disastrous tsunami to hit the U.S. West Coast and British Columbia in Canada. The largest wave height for this tsunami was reported at Shoup Bay, Valdez Inlet (67 meters). Summary of lives lost and damage for Alaska, Canada, Washington, Oregon and California are: Alaska- 106 deaths and $84 million; British Columbia- $10 million; Washington- minor damage throughout the coast; Oregon- 4 deaths and $0.7 million, with much of the damage away from the coast where rivers overflowed; California- 13 deaths and $10 million damage. Many places that reported damage or lives lost are given below. To view the tsunami travel time map for the earthquake click here. Additionally, the single amplitude (0-peak) wave heights and/or tsunami runup in meters showing the various pacific-wide locations where tsunamis were recorded are given below.

TSUNAMI DEATHS AND DAMAGE

LOCATION

DEATHS

DAMAGE

VALDEZ, AK

31

DISASTROUS TO TOWN, BOATS DAMAGED, $15 MILLION, SECTION OF LAND 4000'X 600' SLID INTO SEA

SHOUP BAY, AK

1

CABIN DESTROYED (HIGHEST RECORDED WAVE)

CHENEGA, AK

23

VILLAGE DISTROYED

WHITTIER, AK

13

$10 MILLION DAMAGE, LOCAL TSUNAMI

SEWARD, AK

12

DISASTROUS TO TOWN, WATERFRONT, BOATS AND RAILROAD, $14 MILLION DAMAGE, SECTION OF A WATERFRONT SLID INTO A BAY

KAGUYAK, KODIAK, AK

3

THIRD WAVE DESTROYED A VILLAGE

OLD HARBOR, AK

0

VILLAGE NEARLY DESTROYED

KODIAK, AK

6

$31 MILLION DAMAGE, 158 HOUSES DESTROYED

WOMENS BAY, AK

0

$10.3 MILLION DAMAGE

AFOGNAK IS., AK

0

DAMAGE TO VILLAGES AND BOATS

SITKALIDAK IS.

1

 

CRAB BAY, EVANS IS.

1

DOCK DEMOLISHED, VESSELS DAMAGED

OUZINKIE, AK

3

7 STRUCTURES DESTROYED

KENAI PENINSULA, AK

0

DAMAGE TO WATERFRONT AND BOATS

 

SELDOVIA, AK

0

MUCH DAMAGE TO BOATS

 

HOMER, AK

0

HOMER SPIT FLOODED

 

CORDOVA, AK

0

$1.7 MILLION DAMAGE

 

PORT NELLIE JUAN,AK

3

DOCK DESTROYED

 

KALSIN BAY, AK

6

None

 

PORT ASHTON, AK

0

LITTLE DAMAGE

 

CAPE ST. ELIAS, AK

1

DAMAGE TO BOATS

 

PT. NOWELL, AK

1

2 CABINS DESTROYED

 

SPRUCE CAPE, AK

0

None

 

SITKA, AK

0

DOCK COLLAPSED

 

KLAWOCK, AK

0

PILINGS KNOCKED OUT FROM UNDER 3 HOUSES BY LOGS

 

MEARES PASSAGE, AK

0

BARGE BROKEN IN TWO

 

WHITSHED, AK

1

10 CABINS DESTROYED

 

ALL OF ALASKA

106

 

 

BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

0

$10 MILLION DAMAGE

 

WASHINGTON COAST

0

BOATS, HOUSES DAMAGED THROUGHOUT COAST, MANY INJURED

 

NEWPORT, OREGON

4

4 CAMPERS ON BEACH DROWNED

 

CRESENT CITY, CA

11

$8 MILLION DAMAGE

 

KLAMATH RIVER, CA

1

1 MAN DROWNED

 

SAN FRANSICO, CA

0

10,000 PEOPLE LINE BEACH TO SEE TSUNAMI

 

MENDOCINO,CA

0

100 BOATS DAMAGED

 

SAN RAPHEAL, CA

0

$600,000 IN DAMAGE TO HARBOR AND BOATS

 

KAHULI, MAUI, HI

0

$53,000 DAMAGE

 

HILO, HI

0

$15,000 DAMAGE

 

MISHO, EHIME, JAPAN

0

DAMAGE TO PEARL RAFT

 

SANRIKU COAST, JAPAN

0

DAMAGE TO OYSTER AND PEARL HARVEST

 

PACIFIC-WIDE TSUNAMI WAVE HEIGHTS

IMPACT LOCATION

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

HEIGHT

*******

IMPACT LOCATION

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

HEIGHT

ALASKA, KETCHIKAN

55.33N

131.63W

0.6

 

ALASKA, CRAIG

55.48N

133.15W

2.4

ALASKA, JUNEAU

58.30N

134.42W

1.1

ALASKA, SITKA

57.08N

135.33W

2.4

 

ALASKA, YAKUTAT

59.48N

139.82W

2.3

 

ALASKA, CAPE YAKATAGA

60.06N

142.43W

3.7

ALASKA, CAPE ST. ELIAS

59.80N

144.60W

OBS

 

ALASKA, CORDOVA

60.48N

145.87W

6.1

ALASKA, WHITSHED

60.48N

145.90W

OBS

 

ALASKA, VALDEZ

61.12N

146.26W

9.1

ALASKA, SHOUP BAY

61.12N

146.59W

67.0

 

ALASKA, NOWELL

60.44N

147.94W

12.0

ALASKA, ASHTON

60.05N

148.00W

OBS

 

ALASKA, CHENEGA

60.13N

148.15W

27.3

ALASKA, PORT NELLIE JU

60.56N

148.18W

15.0

 

ALASKA, PUGET BAY

59.91N

148.51W

10.7

ALASKA, PASSAGE CANAL

60.78N

148.35W

31.7

 

ALASKA, BLACKSTONE BAY

60.78N

148.42W

24.2

ALASKA, WHITTER

60.75N

148.80W

13.1

 

ALASKA, WHIDBEY BAY

59.91N

148.91W

10.7

ALASKA, SEWARD

60.11N

149.42W

9.2

 

ALASKA, AIALIK BAY

59.67N

149.57W

30.0

ALASKA, SPRUCE CAPE

57.90N

150.35W

OBS

 

ALASKA, HALIBUT COVE

59.34N

151.50W

7.2

ALASKA, HOMER

59.68N

151.61W

6.0

 

ALASKA, SELDOVIA

59.47N

151.68W

1.2

ALASKA, PEARL IS.

59.09N

151.71W

9.0

 

ALASKA, AFOGNAK

58.40N

152.20W

OBS

ALASKA, NARROW CAPE

57.43N

152.33W

19.0

 

ALASKA, KALSIN BAY

57.67N

152.35W

OBS

ALASKA, KODIAK

57.81N

152.40W

6.1

 

ALASKA, OUZINKIE

57.93N

152.50W

OBS

ALASKA, WOMEN'S BAY

57.73N

152.52W

6.1

 

ALASKA, OLD HARBOR

57.22N

153.37W

9.2

ALASKA, KAGUYAK

56.83N

153.83W

9.2

 

ALASKA, UNALASKA

53.89N

166.50W

0.4

ALASKA, DUTCH HARBOR

53.90N

166.51W

0.4

 

ALASKA, SWEEPER COVE

51.87N

176.67W

0.3

ALASKA, ATTU

52.83N

173.20E

0.4

 

ALASKA, SITKALIDAK IS.

57.12N

153.23W

OBS

CANADA, PRINCE RUPERT

54.32N

130.33W

1.4

 

CANADA, SHIELDS BAY

53.50N

132.90W

9.8

CANADA, PORT ALBERNI

49.23N

124.78W

6.4

 

CANADA, TOFINO B.C.

49.15N

125.90W

1.4

WASH, FRIDAY HARBOR

48.55N

123.00W

0.4

 

WASH, NEAH BAY

48.36N

124.62W

0.7

WASH, LAPUSH

47.91N

124.61W

1.6

 

WASH, HOH RIVER MOUTH

47.75N

124.44W

0.5

WASH, SEATTLE

47.60N

122.33W

0.1

 

WASH, WRECK CREEK

47.30N

124.25W

4.5

WASH, OCEAN SHORES

47.04N

124.18W

2.9

 

WASH, SEAVIEW

47.34N

124.05W

3.8

WASH, TAHOLAH

47.54N

124.33W

0.7

 

WASH, MOCLIPS

47.24N

124.19W

3.4

WASH, PACIFIC BEACH

47.21N

124.18W

OBS

 

WASH, PACIFIC BEACH

47.21N

124.18W

OBS

WASH, COPALIS

47.12N

124.18W

OBS

 

WASH, GRAY'S HARBOR

46.93N

124.05W

OBS

WASH, WESTPORT

46.89N

124.12W

OBS

 

WASH, SEAVIEW

46.34N

124.05W

3.8

WASH, ILWACO

46.32N

124.02W

1.4

 

WASH, CAPE DISSAPOINT

46.25N

124.08W

1.7

WASH, VANCOUVER

45.64N

122.67W

0.1

 

WASH, BOONE CREEK

.00

.00

OBS

WASH, JOE CREEK

.00

.00

OBS

 

 

 

 

 

OREGON, ASTORIA

46.20N

123.77W

0.4

 

OREGON, NEHALEM RIVER

45.71N

123.95W

3.5

OREGON, SEASIDE

45.94N

123.93W

OBS

 

OREGON, CANNON BEACH

45.91N

123.96W

OBS

OREGON, DEPOE BAY

44.82N

124.06W

3.5

 

OREGON, NEWPORT

44.65N

124.06W

0.3

OREGON, WALDPORT-ALS

44.42N

124.06W

OBS

 

OREGON, FLORENCE

43.97N

124.1W

OBS

OREGON, YAQUINA BAY

44.63N

124.07W

3.5

 

OREGON, SIUSLAW RIVER

43.97N

124.14W

3.7

OREGON, UMPQUA RIVER

43.69N

124.24W

4.3

 

OREGON, COOS BAY

43.39N

124.29W

3.5

OREGON, ROGUE RIVER

42.36N

124.06W

OBS

 

CALIF, CRESENT CITY

41.77N

124.22W

4.3

CALIF, SMITH RIVER

42.36N

124.46W

OBS

 

CALIF, KLAMATH RIVER

41.55N

124.10W

OBS

CALIF, TRINIDAD

41.08N

124.13W

OBS

 

CALIF, ALBION RIVER

39.23N

123.77W

OBS

CALIF, FORT BRAGG

39.44N

123.82W

3.8

 

CALIF, POINT ARENA

38.95N

123.75W

3.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CALIF, ARENA COVE

38.90N

123.70W

1.8

 

CALIF, JENNER BEACH

38.45N

123.12W

OBS

CALIF, RUSSIAN GULCH

38.44N

123.12W

OBS

 

CALIF, BODEGA BAY

38.33N

123.08W

0.8

CALIF, TOMALES BAY

38.23N

122.96W

1.0

 

CALIF, DRAKE'S BAY

38.00N

122.92W

OBS

CALIF, SAN RAFAEL

37.95N

122.53W

1.5

 

CALIF, SAUSALITO

37.86N

122.51W

1.2

CALIF, OAKLAND

37.81N

122.27W

OBS

 

CALIF, PACIFICA

37.63N

122.48W

1.4

CALIF, SAN FRANCISCO

38.80N

122.40W

1.1

 

CALIF, ALAMEDA

37.77N

122.30W

0.8

CALIF, MOSS LANDING

37.53N

121.94W

1.4

 

CALIF, PACIFIC GROVE

36.61N

121.94W

0.9

CALIF, HALF MOON BAY

37.49N

122.44W

3.2

 

CALIF, SANTA CRUZ

36.98N

122.04W

1.5

CALIF, CAPITOLA

36.97N

121.95W

2.1

 

CALIF, MONTEREY

36.61N

121.91W

1.4

CALIF, PEBBLE BEACH

36.57N

121.96W

OBS

 

CALIF, MARTIN'S BEACH

35.90N

121.46W

3.0

CALIF, AVILA

35.17N

120.74W

1.6

 

CALIF, RINCON IS.

34.35N

119.43W

0.9

CALIF, S. MONICA

34.00N

118.50W

1.0

 

CALIF, ALAMITOS BAY

33.75N

118.12W

0.4

CALIF, LOS ANGELES

33.71N

118.27W

0.6

 

CALIF, NEWPORT

33.60N

117.90W

0.5

CALIF, LA JOLLA

32.87N

117.25W

0.3

 

CALIF, SAN DIEGO

32.72N

117.17W

0.6

CALIF, LONG BEACH

33.75N

118.23W

OBS

 

CALIF, NOYO RIVER MOUTH

.00

.00

2.0

CALIF, MUIR BEACH

.00

.00

OBS

 

CALIF, BOLINAS

.00

.00

OBS

CALIF, SALMON CREEK BEACH.

.00

.00

OBS

 

CALIF, VAN DAMME STATE PARK.

.00

.00

OBS

HAWAII, HILO

49.70N

155.07W

3.0

 

HAWAII, LAUPAHOEHO

20.00N

155.25W

0.7

HAWAII, WAIPIO BA

20.13N

155.60W

1.2

 

HAWAII, KAWAIHAE

20.03N

155.83W

1.0

HAWAII, PUAKO

19.97N

155.88W

0.6

 

 

 

 

 

HAWAII, MAHUKONA

20.18N

155.92W

1.9

 

MAUI, MALIKO BA

20.80N

156.25W

2.5

MAUI, LOWER PAIA

20.92N

156.38W

2.8

 

MAUI, KAHULUI

20.93N

156.48W

3.6

OAHU, COCONUT IS

21.43N

157.80W

0.3

 

OAHU, HONOLULU

21.32N

157.92W

0.5

OAHU, HAUULA

21.62N

157.92W

1.2

 

OAHU, WAIALEE

21.70N

158.04W

1.8

OAHU, WAIMEA

21.63N

158.07W

4.9

 

OAHU, PUAENA

21.61N

158.11W

2.4

OAHU, HALIEWA

21.60N

158.12W

3.1

 

OAHU, KAIAKA BAY

21.58N

158.12W

4.6

KAUAI, ANAHOLA

22.15N

159.31W

1.0

 

KAUAI, KAPAA

22.08N

159.32W

2.2

KAUAI, MOLOAA

22.45N

159.33W

1.0

 

KAUAI, WAILUA

22.06N

159.34W

1.3

KAUAI, NAWILIWILI

21.96N

159.36W

0.4

 

KAUAI, HANALEI

21.90N

159.50W

1.9

KAUAI, HAENA

22.22N

159.55W

3.0

 

HAWAII, JOHNSTON IS

16.75N

169.52W

0.2

HAWAII, MIDWAY I.

28.22N

177.37W

0.1

 

MEXICO, ACAPULCO

16.85N

99.92W

0.6

MEXICO, MANZANILLO

19.05N

104.33W

0.6

 

MEXICO, MAZATLAN

23.18N

106.43W

0.3

MEXICO, LA PAZ

24.17N

110.32W

0.4

 

MEXICO, TOPOLOBAMPO

25.62N

109.05W

0.1

MEXICO, GUAYMAS

27.92N

110.90W

OBS

 

MEXICO, ENSENADA

31.87N

116.62W

2.4

EL SALVADOR, ACAJUT.

13.58N

89.85W

0.2

 

EL SALVADOR, LA UNION

13.33N

87.82W

0.1

COSTA RICA, PUNTA AR.

9.97N

84.83W

0.2

 

COSTA RICA, QUEPOS

9.40N

84.17W

0.2

PANAMA, P. ARMUELLE

8.26N

82.87W

0.1

 

PANAMA, NAOS IS

8.92N

79.53W

0.1

COLOMBIA, TUMACO

1.83N

78.74W

0.1

 

COLOMBIA, BAHIA SOL.

6.23N

77.40W

0.2

COLOMBIA, BUENAVENT.

3.92N

77.08W

0.1

 

ECUADOR, LA LIBERTAD

2.20S

80.92W

0.6

PERU, MATARANI

17.00S

72.12W

0.5

 

PERU, SAN JUAN

15.35S

75.15W

0.6

PERU, LA PUNTA

12.08S

77.17W

0.9

 

PERU, CALLAO

12.08S

77.13W

1.1

CHILE, CALDERA

27.07S

70.83W

0.7

 

CHILE, TALCAHUANO

36.67S

73.17W

2.5

CHILE, ANTOFAGASTA

23.65S

70.42W

0.5

 

CHILE, CORRAL

39.86S

73.42W

1.7

CHILE, VALPARAISO

33.08S

71.67W

2.2

 

CHILE, ARICA

18.47S

70.32W

2.1

CHILE, COQUIMBO

29.95S

71.35W

4.0

 

ANTARTICA, PALMER PENINSULA

64.50S

60.00W

0.4

GALAPAGOS, S. CRISTO

0.90S

89.62W

0.6

 

LINE IS., CHRISTMAS I.

1.98N

157.48W

0.1

SOMOA, PAGO PAGO

14.27S

171.72W

0.2

 

CAROLINE IS., TRUK

7.45S

151.85W

0.1

NEW BRITAIN, RABAUL

4.22S

152.18E

0.3

 

MARIANA IS., GUAM

13.50N

144.75E

0.1

MARIANA IS., GUAM

13.92N

90.83W

OBS

 

MARSHALL, KWAJALEIN

8.74N

167.74E

0.2

WAKE I.

19.28N

166.62E

0.1

 

MARSHALL IS., ENIWETOK

11.37N

162.35E

0.1

PHOENIX IS., CANTON

2.82S

171.72W

0.1

 

NEW ZEALAND, LYTTLE.

43.62S

172.72E

0.6

AUSTRALIA, SYDNEY

33.92S

141.17E

0.2

 

JAPAN, MISHO

.00

.00

0.9

JAPAN, NAGOYA

35.14N

136.92E

0.4

 

JAPAN, OSAKA

34.68N

135.51E

0.2

JAPAN, WAKKANAI

45.43N

141.72E

0.7

 

JAPAN, KAMAISHI

39.37N

141.88E

0.4

JAPAN, ABASHIRI

44.00N

144.26E

0.3

 

JAPAN, KUSHIRO

42.98N

144.44E

1.6

JAPAN, OMAEZAKI

34.61N

138.23E

0.6

 

JAPAN, MIYAKO

39.76N

141.95E

0.1

JAPAN, MERA

34.93N

139.83E

0.3

 

JAPAN, HANASAKI

43.31N

145.63E

0.7

JAPAN, ENOSHIMA

35.30N

139.48E

0.2

 

JAPAN, URAKAWA

42.17N

142.83E

0.3

JAPAN, UFUNATO

39.06N

141.64E

0.7

 

JAPAN, MOMBETSU

44.38N

143.22E

0.1

JAPAN, HACHINOHE

40.52N

141.55E

1.4

 

JAPAN, ONAGAWA

38.46N

141.43E

0.5

JAPAN, ONOHAMA

36.95N

140.90E

0.4

 

JAPAN, KANAYA

34.82N

138.14E

0.2

JAPAN, URAKAMI

.00

.00

0.5

 

JAPAN, UCHIURA

42.25N

140.25E

0.2

JAPAN, HAKODATE

41.81N

140.75E

1.0

 

JAPAN, HOSOJIMA

32.44N

131.68E

0.1

JAPAN, UBURAYSU

31.65N

131.37E

0.7

 

JAPAN, KUSHIMOTO

33.47N

135.75E

0.7

JAPAN, NAZE

28.37N

129.49E

0.2

 

JAPAN, TOKYO

35.69N

139.75E

0.1

JAPAN, TOMIZAKI

.00

.00

0.6

 

JAPAN, SUMOTO

34.34N

134.88E

0.1

JAPAN, OWASE

34.06N

136.20E

0.5

 

JAPAN, KOBE

35.97N

123.67E

0.2

JAPAN, WAKAYAMA

34.23N

135.18E

0.2

 

JAPAN, AOMORI

40.79N

140.73E

0.3

JAPAN, HACHIJO

35.15N

139.80E

0.1

 

JAPAN, ABURATSUBO

31.65N

135.63E

0.2

JAPAN, YOKOSUKA

35.30N

139.65E

0.2

 

JAPAN, SHIMIZU

34.95N

138.47E

0.3

JAPAN, TOSA-SHIMIZU

33.51N

133.44E

0.2

 

JAPAN, TOBA

34.46N

136.85E

0.2

JAPAN, ASAMUSHI

.00

.00

0.5

 

JAPAN, ONIZAKI

.00

.00

0.1

JAPAN, KOCHI

33.59N

133.55E

0.2

 

JAPAN, AOSSIMA

.00

.00

0.2

JAPAN, KAINAN

34.17N

135.22E

0.2

 

JAPAN, CHOSHI

35.74N

140.84E

0.7

KURIL IS., YUZHNO, KURIL

44.04N

144.82E

0.4

 

KAMCHATKA, PETROPAVLSK

53.10N

158.65E

0.4

REFERENCES

1. George Plafker, USGS, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 543-I. Tectonics of the March 27, 1964, Alaska Earthquake.
2. James Lander, 1989, U.S. Tsunamis, 1690-1988, NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Co.
3. Committee on the Alaska Earthquake of Division of Earth Sciences, National Research Council, Seismology and Geodesy, 1972.
4. Thomas J. Sokolowski, 1991. "Improvements in the Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska." Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 7, No. 3.

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